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6.4.1. General information

General information

Petrol models

General information

For the purpose of decrease in level of issue in the atmosphere of the toxic components getting into composition of the fulfilled engine gases as a result of evaporation and incompleteness of combustion of fuel and also for maintenance of efficiency of return of the engine and decrease in fuel consumption, modern cars are equipped are equipped a number of special systems which can be united under the general name of a control system of the engine and decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases.

The scheme of functioning of a control system of the engine on petrol models (on the example of the models equipped with the forward catalytic converter)

1 — Em the adsorber purge valve
2 — the Coal adsorber
3 — TO ECM
4 — the throttle Case
5 — the fuel pressure Regulator
6 — the Fuel highway
7 — Fuel injectors
8 — the PCV Valve
9 — ignition Coils
10 — the CMP Sensor
11 — Dokatalitichesky who is warmed up a lambda probe
12 — the Control valve
13 — the Fuel filter
14 — the Separator of fuel evaporations
15 — the Air cleaner

16 — the Air route
17 — the MAF Sensor
18 — the IAC Valve
19 — TPS
20 — the ECT Sensor
21 — the Sensor of a detonation (KS)
22 — the CKP Sensor
23 — WU-TWC
24 — Post-catalytic warmed up a lambda probe
25 — the Fuel pump
26 — Toplivozabornik
27 — TWC
28 — Post-catalytic warmed up a lambda probe
29 — the Sensor of accelerations of the chassis (CAS)

The complete set of systems depends on brand, model, year of release and the region on whose market the car is delivered. Information on type and structure of systems is given in the information label of VECI fixed under a cowl.

Also the scheme of laying of vacuum hoses (petrol models) is a part of information label of VECI

The scheme of an arrangement of components of control systems of engine/decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases on petrol models with two catalytic converters

1 — the Sensor of accelerations of the chassis (CAS)
2 — Em EVAP adsorber purge valve
3 — the Sensor of provision of butterfly valves (TPS)
4 — Э / the motor of system of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC)
5 — the Sensor of position of the camshaft (CMP)
6 — the Sensor of provision of a bent shaft (CKP)
7 — the Sensor of measurement of mass of air (MAF)
8 — the Diagnostic DLC socket
9 — the Sensor of temperature of the soaked-up air (IAT)
10 — the Sensor of a detonation (KS)
11 — the Sensor of temperature of cooling liquid of the engine (ECT)

12 — the Fuel highway with injectors
13 — the Coal adsorber
14 — the Main assembly block of safety locks/relay
15 — Dokatalitichesky a lambda probe
16 — the Forward three-functional catalytic converter (TWC)
17 — Post-catalytic a lambda probe
18 — Back TWC
19 — the Module of management of AT (TCM), - only models with AT
20 — the Module of engine management (ECM)
21 — the Control lamp of refusals (MIL / Check the engine)
22 — the Diagnostic DLC socket of the OBD II system

The system of consecutive injection of fuel (SFI) applied on the considered models gets under classification multipoint, with a dosage on duration of the operating impulse determined on the basis of information delivered by the termoanemometrichesky sensor of mass of air (MAF). Systems of air supply and fuel function together with a control system of engine/decrease in the toxicity of the fulfilled gases which is turning on a set of information sensors, and the actuation mechanisms which are continuously exchanging data with the electronic module of management (ECM) coordinating operation of the engine in the structure. Analyzing information delivered by sensors, ECM calculates values of a corner of an advancing of ignition and duration, optimum for a present situation, of the operating impulse of opening of injectors. On the models considered in the present manual equipped with the DOHC engine efficiency of dispersion of injectable fuel raises due to pumping of the air given to injectors on specially organized branch from the inlet pipeline. The Melkodispersnost of dispersion not only increases efficiency of combustion of gas mixture, but also allows to reduce the level of maintenance of toxic components in combustion products.

The basic composition of air-fuel mix is formed by the module of management on the basis of the data arriving from the MAF sensor by which ECM determines amount of the air which is soaked up in the engine. More exact dosage is carried out taking into account information, about temperature of cooling liquid (ECT sensor), the speed of the movement of the car (VSS), content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases (lambda probe) and the moments of an exit of the piston of the first cylinder in the provision of VMT of the end of a step of compression (the sensor of position of the camshaft - CMP).

Continuously analyzing information arriving from sensors, ECM is capable to react adequately to the smallest changes of operating conditions of the engine, in due time making the corresponding corrections of the moments and duration of injection of fuel in combustion chambers, providing thereby maintenance of an optimum ratio of such working parameters of the engine as efficiency of its return and toxicity of an exhaust.

The main component of the fulfilled gases released by the engine into the atmosphere is nitrogen (N2), however at an exhaust of any internal combustion engine inevitably there are also a monoxide of carbon (SO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), oxygen (O2), oxides of nitrogen (NOh), hydrogen (H2), and also not burned down hydrocarbons (NANOSECONDS). Rub from the listed above components, namely WITH, NOh and NANOSECONDS, are among the substances which are actively polluting the environment, and in the atmosphere subsystems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases which number treat are designed to control their issue:

In the sections given below the general descriptions of the principles of functioning of each of systems are given, and also procedures of diagnostic checks and recovery repair (if that is obviously possible) separate components which performance lies within qualification of the average amateur mechanic are stated

Before coming to conclusion about refusal of toxicity, any of subsystems of decrease, attentively check serviceability of functioning of power supply systems and ignition (see the Part the Power supply system of petrol engines of the present chapter and the Head Sistemy of electric equipment of the engine). Diagnostics of some of knots of systems of decrease in toxicity demands use of the special, difficult equipment in application and a certain qualification of the performer, and therefore, its performance will be reasonable to charge to specialists of car service. Told above does not mean that service and repair of components of systems of decrease in toxicity in practice are represented exigeant. It is necessary to remember that one of the most common causes of the majority of refusals is elementary violation of quality of connections of vacuum or electric lines, and therefore, first of all it is always necessary to check a condition of the corresponding electric and nipple sockets. The owner of the car can independently and it is rather easy to make a number of checks, and also, to perform a set of procedures of routine maintenance of the majority of components of the considered subsystems in house conditions, using at the same time a usual set of the adjusting and metalwork tool.

Do not forget about additional federal guarantee certificates under which components of systems of decrease in toxicity and engine management get, - before starting implementation of any procedures on repair of knots and details of these systems, consult about conditions of observance of these obligations in representative office of the KIA company.

Try to observe everything the precautionary measures stipulated in the following sections when performing service of electronic components of the considered systems. It is necessary to notice that illustrative material can not always correspond in accuracy to real placement of components on the car. Such discrepancies are connected with continuously happening process of modification within a standard design of each model.

Module of management (ECM)

ECM represents the electronic module on the basis of the microprocessor which on the basis of the analysis of the signals arriving from various information sensors exercises control of functioning of systems of injection, ignition and decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases.

The tasks which are carried out by ECM are among:

When ECM develops output signals of the fixed level, without the signals arriving from a lambda probe(s) say that the control system functions in the mode of "an open contour", i.e., without feedback. If the module begins to process information issued by oxygen sensor(s), then the mode becomes "closed" that allows ECM to correct parameters of injection and ignition taking into account the current operational characteristics of the engine (turns, loading, temperature and so forth). 

In memory of the module emergency values (values by default) the key working parameters of all subsystems of management are put. These parameters are activated in case of identification of refusal of the corresponding subsystem, providing adequacy of functioning of the engine (with inevitable loss of efficiency of return).

The refusal of any subject to monitoring from the block of self-diagnostics of a component is fixed in memory of the module in the form of the corresponding code (DTC) which reading can be made by means of the special scanner (see the Section System of Onboard Self-diagnostics (OBD) - the general information).

Supply of fuel and configuration of air-fuel mix

General information

See the Section Power Supply System of Petrol Engines.

Injection duration

During warming up of the engine at start duration of opening of injectors is defined by ECM according to change of temperature of cooling liquid. After the engine will get warm up to the normal working temperature, the following scheme of determination of duration of injection joins: "Basic value x Adjustment parameters Compensation variable". At the same time basic value of duration of opening of an injector is defined by two major factors: amount of the air given to the engine (on MAF sensor signals) and the current frequency of rotation of the engine (on CKP sensor signals). Adjustment parameters are considered. The compensation variable is designed to compensate the temporary delays of operation of injectors connected with variations of tension of the rechargeable battery.

The organization of the listed below functions allows to correct in due time basic value of duration of opening of injectors for the purpose of maintenance of optimum composition of air-fuel mix at any parameters of functioning of the engine.

The scheme of the organization of monitoring of composition of air-fuel mix on petrol models

1 — the Forward catalytic converter
2 — the Fulfilled gases
3 — Dokatalitichesky a lambda probe
4 — the Fuel injector
5 — the Combustion chamber
6 — ECM
And — the Signal of increase in duration of opening of an injector

In — the Signal of reduction of duration of opening of an injector
With — the High level of content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases
D — the Low level of content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases
Е — the Signal to the regrown poor mix
F — the Signal to the reenriched mix

On the considered models correction of composition of air-fuel mix on signals dokatalitichesky the lambda probe is organized intellectually. The essence of told is concluded in the following: during management of composition of mix, ECM on the basis of the analysis of information arriving from the oxygen sensor calculates the correcting variable which then is added to the basic value of duration of time of opening of injectors put in the processor memory (corresponding to the current turns of the engine), at the same time sensitivity and reactivity of system of subjects are lower, than the size of the required temporary additive is more noticeable. The intellectual organization of process allows to bypass this situation due to continuous correction of basic value by addition to it the last correcting additive and preservation of total value in random access memory of the processor, thus, the size of the next adjustment is significantly reduced, and efficiency of functioning of system increases.

Ignition of gas mixture

ECM continuously traces the current working condition of the engine on the signals arriving from sensors of temperatures of cooling liquid and the soaked-up air, the provision of a bent shaft and so forth. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained information of ECM selects optimum (from put in the processor memory) the ignition moment at which gives a signal of interruption of primary contour on the corresponding bobbin module.

At management of ignition intellectual function (function of bystry recognition) in which the data which are written down in memory by ECM are compared to information arriving from information sensors / датчиков-выключателей is also used. So, at the choice of the moment of ignition for any operating conditions of the engine, ECM processes information on the output power of the power unit, fuel consumption, composition of the fulfilled gases and so forth. During start of the engine fluctuations of its turns always take place in view of what the module of management is not capable to control adequately an ignition advancing corner therefore for this period the corner is forcibly exposed on some basic value on a special signal of the CKP sensor.

After implementation of start of the ECM engine on signals of the same CKP sensor traces the current turns of the engine and on the basis of the analysis of the obtained information exposes a corner of an advancing and porosity of an impulse of ignition corresponding to the current requirements of the engine.

Management of idling turns

ECM provides stability of turns of idling of the engine by activation of the lamellar electromagnetic IAC valve operating a perepuskaniye of additional air bypassing the throttle case. As initial information of ECM uses the data delivered by sensors of provision of a bent shaft (CKP), temperature of cooling liquid (ECT), a flowmeter (MAF sensor) and also the sensor switch of activation of the conditioner of air that allows to exercise complete control of engine turns at any current loading.

As a control element of the IAC valve the electromagnet reacting to the level of porosity of the operating periodic signal is used. The some of filling of the signal given by the module of management on an electromagnet, the big extent of opening of the rotary gate is provided by the last. The consumption of additional air is directly proportional to extent of opening of the gate and exerts direct impact on the frequency of rotation of the engine.

The main objectives of the device is compensation of increase in load of the engine at activation To/in, the steering pump and other power-intensive consumers of the electric power, and also increase in turns of idling of the engine during an initial stage of its warming up, ensuring buffer effect at bystry closing of a butterfly valve, plus control of stability of turns of the engine idling.

Management of functioning of the fuel pump

Being guided by information delivered by the sensor of position of the camshaft (CMP), ECM provides management of functioning of the fuel pump by activation/deactivation of its relay. For the purpose of increase in level of safety the fuel pump is automatically blocked at spontaneous stops of the engine at the included ignition. The principle of the organization of management is formulated in the table

Principle of the organization of management of functioning of a gasoline pump

Ignition is included

Relay of the fuel pump

Fuel pump

A certain period of time directly after inclusion of ignition In C Functions
At an engine provorachivaniye starter In C Functions
During the operation of the engine In C Functions
At an engine stop Vykl Does not function

Control system of ignition

The design and the principle of functioning of system of ignition of the petrol engine are in detail described in the Head Sistemy of electric equipment of the engine.

System of ventilation of a case (PCV)

Concentration of hydrocarbons (NANOSECONDS) in a case of the engine can exceed many times over the size registered in the analysis of composition of the fulfilled gases.

The system of the operated ventilation of a case (PCV) provides decrease in issue in the atmosphere of hydrocarbonic connections at the expense of a conclusion of crankcase gases from the block of cylinders and their burning in the course of normal functioning of the engine.

Principle of functioning of system of ventilation of a case (PCV) of the petrol engine

The PCV valve, hermetically closed cover of a jellied mouth of motive oil, inlet air path and set of connecting vacuum hoses are among the main components of system.

At incomplete opening of a butterfly valve, the crankcase gases which are contained in the engine, on a special hose via the PCV valve are taken away in the inlet pipeline due to relevancy of depth of the depression created in it. At the same time in an engine case on the hose connected to a cover of a head of cylinders fresh air is started.

At completely open gate when depth in the inlet pipeline is not really big, a part of crankcase gases on a separate hose is transported to an inlet air path and further - to the throttle case.

Over time walls of the case of a throttle begin to become covered by tarry deposits, in particular around an arrangement of gates. In view of told, it is necessary to make cleaning of a throttle from time to time.

Three-functional catalytic converter (TWC)

Depending on a complete set one can be a part of system of production of the fulfilled gases (the European models), or two (the American models) three-functional the catalytic converter.

The catalytic converter(s) is a component of system of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases, is switched on in structure of system of release and serves for decrease in issue in the atmosphere of toxic components. There are two types of catalytic converters. The ordinary oxidizing converter allows to reduce the content in the fulfilled gases of hydrocarbons (NANOSECONDS) and monoxide of carbon (SO). The three-functional catalytic converter (TWC) in addition allows to reduce emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOh). On the petrol models considered in the present manual three-functional catalytic converters are used.

Basic components of any TWC are platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and a palladium (Pd) which mix is applied with a thin layer on the cellular design having the oval form, or a porous ceramic basis.

In order to avoid an irreversible exit of the catalyst out of operation for gas station of appropriately equipped cars it is necessary to use exclusively unleaded fuel!

Maximum efficiency of functioning of the catalytic converter is reached at a certain concentration in the fulfilled gases of toxic components. The required balance is reached due to control of composition of air-fuel mix which the control system tries to support constantly near the value equal to stoichiometric number.

Control system of composition of air-fuel mix

ECM, on the basis of the signals which are continuously arriving dokatalitichesky a lambda probe(s) makes the corresponding corrections of basic value of duration of opening of injectors for the purpose of maintenance of composition of air-fuel mix near the stoichiometric value (14.7 parts of air on 1 part of fuel) providing optimum conditions for functioning of the three-functional catalytic converter (TWC).

Various basic values of time of opening of injectors are provided for various turns of the engine, the current loadings and amount of the soaked-up air.

The intellectual correction of the current basic values allowing to increase considerably reactivity of responses to the happening changes is also provided in system.

System of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP)

General information

The EVAP system accumulates the evaporations accumulating in a fuel path during the parking of the car in special, an adsorber and provides with the filled absorbent carbon a conclusion them to the inlet highway for burning in the course of normal functioning of the engine, preventing thereby pollution of the atmosphere petrol vapors. Improvement of system is made continuously in process of toughening of requirements imposed to environment protection.

Scheme of functioning of system of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP) of the petrol engine

1 — the throttle Case
2 — Em the adsorber purge valve
3 — the Coal adsorber
4 — the Fuel injector
5 — the PCV Valve

6 — the CMP Sensor
7 — the ECT Sensor
8 — the Fuel pump
9 — the Control valve
10 — the Separator of fuel evaporations

The separator of fuel evaporations, the double-thread control valve, coal adsorber, the electromagnetic valve of management of an adsorber purge, connecting lines and ECM are a part of system.

Control of functioning of the valve of a purge of an adsorber is exercised by ECM, choosing the most optimum moment for a purge, proceeding from working parameters of the engine, and also information delivered by sensors of temperature and fuel consumption.

The electromagnetic valve of management of pressure is switched on in the vaporizing line of the fuel tank and serves for control of pressure/depression in a tank on the basis of the signals given on ECM by pressure sensor installed in a tank.

Cover of a jellied mouth of the fuel tank

In normal conditions the cover closes a mouth absolutely hermetically due to the rubber consolidation pressed on all perimeter of a mouth and also thanks to the fact that the valve (A) remains densely pressed by a spring to the saddle.

1 — the Sealant
2 — Pruzhina
3 — the Valve

The safety valve which is built in a cover of a jellied mouth serves for prevention of education in a tank of excessively deep depression owing to violation of passability of vaporizing lines.

At increase of depth of depression in a tank atmospheric pressure wrings out a spring down that leads to opening of the valve. As a result pressure is leveled because in a tank external air gets.

Coal adsorber

The coal adsorber is filled with absorbent carbon, serves for temporary accumulation of fuel evaporations and is blown on ECM signal when opening the special electromagnetic valve. From an adsorber fuel evaporations come to the inlet pipeline then are burned in the course of normal functioning of the engine.

Electromagnetic valve of management of a purge of a coal adsorber

The valve is switched on in the vaporizing line connecting an adsorber to the inlet pipeline and located from the lower party of the pipeline. Control of a purge is exercised by ECM, being based on the data on the current operational parameters (temperature of cooling liquid, engine turns, speed of the movement, etc.). The purge is made at the started engine, except for certain conditions, such, for example, as work on single turns.

Double-thread valve

The double-thread valve is switched on in the vaporizing line connecting a coal adsorber to the fuel tank. When pressure in a tank exceeds some established value developed by a valvate spring effort is overcome and the valve opens, at the same time being in a tank under pressure of evaporation are taken away in an adsorber where accumulate in a filler time.

At pressure decrease the valve is closed, however the air getting into system through entrance port of an adsorber continues to get into a tank through a small opening in a valve end face, preventing creation of excessive depression.

Vacuum path

The scheme of laying of vacuum lines is provided in the right section of information label of VECI.

Diesel models

General information

The scheme of the organization of a power supply system of the diesel engine with electronic control by injection

1 — the Rechargeable battery
2 — Np
3 — the Compensation resistor
4 — ECM
5 — the Sensor of position of the accelerator pedal
6 — the pressurization pressure Sensor
7 — the Sensor of air temperature of pressurization (TA)
8 — the Turbocompressor
9 — the Regulator of the moments of injection
10 — the Valve of management of distribution of the moments of injection (TCV)

11 — the Sensor of position of the distributive piston
12 — the Locking valve (FCV)
13 — the Sensor of position of the TNVD (CSP) distributive coupling
14 — Intercooler
15 — the Sensor of air temperature of pressurization (TA)
16 — the Electromagnetic EGR valve
17 — the EGR Sensor
18 — the Operating EGR valve
19 — the Vacuum pump

The scheme of placement of components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases of the diesel engine in a motive compartment

1 — Em the EGR valve
2 — the Operating EGR valve
3 — the EGR Sensor
4 — Sapun PCV
5 — the Assembly block of safety locks

6 — the Sensor of position of the accelerator pedal
7 — the Sensor of temperature of the soaked-up air
8 — the pressurization air pressure Sensor
9 — ECM

Engine management, also as well as on petrol models carries out the electronic module (ECM) exercising control of a dosage and ignition of the gas mixture given to combustion chambers on the basis of the signals arriving from various information sensors / датчиков-выключателей (BMT, ECT, pressure of pressurization, turns of TNVD of [Np], PNP [models with AT], activation To/in, provisions of the accelerator pedal and so forth). Installation of phases of gas distribution is carried out by the module of management through electronic TNVD of distributive type.

In case of identification of refusals of any components of the ECM system fixes in the processor memory the corresponding digital codes (DTC) which reading can be made by means of the special scanner connected to the diagnostic socket (DLC) located in the left back corner of a motive compartment.

The description of the principles of formation of air-fuel mix is provided in the Section Power Supply System of Diesel Engines.

The system of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases consists of two subsystems: ventilation of a case (PCV), admixture of the fulfilled gases (EGR), plus to that is included in system of release the oxidizing catalytic converter designed to reduce issue of emission in the atmosphere of oxides of nitrogen (NOh), monoxide of carbon (SO) and hydrocarbons (NANOSECONDS).

Power supply system

Fuel dispensing

Main requirements

For achievement of optimum composition of working mix the fuel pump of high pressure (FPHP) has to provide supply of fuel in the engine under pressure of 350 ÷ 2000 atm, - according to features of process of combustion of diesel fuel - with the maximum accuracy of dispensing of cycles of injection.

The beginning of injection has to be precisely established on time in limits ± 1 ° turn of a bent shaft for the purpose of providing an optimum ratio between such operational parameters of the engine as fuel consumption, level of a noise background and emission of toxic components.

Regulation of the moment of the beginning of injection is carried out in order that it was possible to operate the beginning of process of combustion and to compensate duration of distribution of waves of compression in fuel-supply lines.

Systems of electronic control by functioning of diesel engines possess integrated functions of regulation of injection, providing fuel supply change with the pump depending on the frequency of rotation of a bent shaft, loading and working temperature of the engine.

For management of loading and frequency of rotation of a bent shaft only change of cyclic supply of fuel is used; the amount of air on an admission does not drosselirutsya. As the diesel on small loadings at increase in cyclic supply of fuel is capable to increase rotation frequency to the values considerably exceeding admissible sizes it is important to have the device limiting this increase. Besides, there has to be also a regulator of turns in the idling mode.

Injection process

By consideration of process of injection in diesel engines fuel cannot be considered incompressible, - all accompanying processes should be considered as the dynamic, reflecting mainly acoustic principles.

TNVD camshaft given from a bent shaft of the engine moves plungers of pump assembly, providing supply of fuel with creation of high pressure in fuel-supply lines.

When at increase in pressure the delivery valve opens, the wave of consolidation extends in the direction of the corresponding nozzle with a sound speed (about 1400 m/s). On reaching the required pressure the locking needle of a working nozzle of a nozzle overcomes effort of a spring, opening the section through passage, and fuel moves through raspylitelny openings in the engine combustion chamber. Process of injection comes to an end with opening of a drain opening in a plunger sleeve. Pressure in a nadplunzherny cavity decreases that leads to closing of the delivery valve and, as a result, pressure decrease in a fuel-supply line before the repartitions chosen from the following conditions:

System of injection of fuel

The system of injection is intended for exact dispensing of fuel in any modes of functioning of the engine.

Principle of management of the number of injection of fuel (Q)

The step of low pressure includes the fuel tank, the fuel filter, the pump of pumping, perepuskny the valve and fuel-supply lines.

TNVD with the delivery valve creating pressure, necessary for injection), fuel-supply lines of high pressure and a nozzle belongs to a step of high pressure. The system of electronic control of the engine also contains the control valve (more often electromagnetic, in the long term – piezoelectric).

In the considered models TNVD of distributive type (VE) with electronic control providing distribution of fuel under high pressure to nozzles of cylinders of the engine in the timepoints determined by ECM is used.

Management of amount of injectable fuel at start and an entrance of warming up of the engine

During start of the ECM engine provides management of amount of the fuel injected into combustion chambers, being guided by indications of the sensor of temperature of cooling liquid (ECT).

Control of the maximum quantity of injectable fuel

The maximum quantity of the fuel injected into the engine is defined by the module of management on the basis of the analysis of information arriving from CKP sensors (turns of a bent shaft) and the pressurization pressure (amount of the given air).

Management of amount of injectable fuel during the movement

The module of management determines this parameter based on the data arriving from CKP sensors and position of the accelerator pedal.

Control of turns of idling

ECM seeks to maintain stability of turns of idling by control of vibration loadings (the detonation sensor), engine turns (CKP sensor) and the current loading (the sensor of position of the accelerator pedal).

Correction of number of injection depending on fuel temperature

Based on indications of the sensor of temperature of fuel, ECM carries out correction of number of its injection.

Automatic suppression of deviations (ADC) of turns

The module of management traces the frequency of injection of fuel in each of combustion chambers, suppressing the vibrations connected with the violation of stability of turns of the engine determined by deviation of this parameter.

Damping of the sharp throws of number of injection connected with change of turns of the engine

This function allows to reduce mechanical vibrations and to minimize emission of black smoke from system of release at bystry changes of turns of the engine.

Compensation of change of height of situation above sea level

ECM provides management of quantity and the moment of injection depending on changes of atmospheric pressure.

Management of the number of injection depending on temperature of the soaked-up air

Based on the analysis of information on temperature of the air which is soaked up in the engine, ECM carries out correction of quantity and the moment of the fuel injected into combustion chambers.

Management of the injection moments

ECM provides management of the moments of injection of fuel in combustion chambers both during start of the engine, and during the movement), proceeding from data from temperature of cooling liquid (ECT sensor), the frequency of rotation of a bent shaft (CKP sensor) and the current loading (the sensor of position of the accelerator pedal). Feedback is carried out via the sensor of position of the TNVD (TPS) distributive piston.

Principle of the organization of automatic suppression of deviations (ADC)

Principle of management of the moments of injection (T)

System of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases

The system of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases of the diesel engine consists of three subsystems: system of the operated ventilation of a case (PCV), system of admixture of the fulfilled gases (EGR) and the oxidizing catalytic converter.

System of ventilation of a case (PCV)

The scheme of the organization of the operated ventilation of a case (PCV) of the diesel engine

System of recirculation of the fulfilled gases

On the considered models the scheme of external recirculation when some controlled amount of the fulfilled gases is taken away from system of release is organized and is mixed with engine combustion chambers.

The scheme of the organization of system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases (EGR) of the diesel engine

As a result of such admixture of the fulfilled gases in working mix temperature of combustion of the last decreases a little that leads to reduction of concentration in an exhaust of oxides of nitrogen (NOh).

Control of recirculation is exercised by ECM by means of two valves (the managing director electromagnetic and executive) and one information sensor.

Oxidizing catalytic converter

The system of production of the fulfilled gases of diesel models turns on the catalytic converter of oxidizing type providing decrease in concentration of emission in the atmosphere of toxic products of combustion of fuel due to their reburning (oxidation) at contact with the metallized covering of the developed surface of a working element.

1 — the Case
2 — the Stream of the fulfilled gases from the engine
3 — the Inlet branch pipe
4 — To the muffler
5 — the Working element with cellular structure