7.3.2. The rechargeable battery - the general information, recommendations about service
General information
The 12-voltny battery installed on the car consists of six cans in which positive and negative plates (lamels) shipped in solution of sulfuric acid are placed. The main task of the battery is production of the current necessary for an osushchestvleniyazapusk of the engine, ignition/activation of candles of an incandescence, lighting, and also for providing other onboard and auxiliary consumers of the electric power with food.
Absolute return of the battery takes place at the ambient temperature of 27 °C. At -18 °C efficiency of return falls to 40% and implementation of start of the engine requires in two with small time more energy.
Starting power (starting current) shows ability of the accumulator to start the car in the conditions of cold weather. It shows current in amperes which gives the accumulator within 30 seconds at -18 °C without power failure below to 7.2 B levels (the minimum level demanded for reliable start of the engine). The this indicator, the more starting power of the accumulator is higher.
Reserve power shows time in minutes during which the accumulator gives current with a force of 25 And at a temperature of 27 °C, i.e. time during which the accumulator ensures functioning of all auxiliary devices in the car at night and in the conditions of limited visibility at the faulty generator.
In winter conditions, at temperatures below -18 °C efficiency of recharge of the battery decreases in view of increase of internal resistance. At short trips in the winter the energy spent by the battery for start of the engine does not manage to be restored, the battery begins works very hard, being gradually discharged and, eventually, fails is irreversible.
In summer months at long trips the engine strongly heats up, and often happens that it is difficult to start it anew. Not less energy, than in frosty weather is sometimes spent for such "hot" starts. Told in a special measure treats high-compression engines with the large working volume of cylinders, and also the models equipped with the air conditioning system.
Removal and installation
Acquisition of the new rechargeable battery
Told above states on importance of correctness of the choice of the rechargeable battery taking into account parameters of the engine and a complete set of the vehicle.
The first what it is necessary to pay attention upon purchase of the new rechargeable battery to, is its performance data. Such characteristics three.
The first: The RATED OUTPUT VOLTAGE which has identical value (12 V) for all batteries used on cars that practically excludes probability of a mistake.
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Upon purchase it is desirable to check the battery a load fork. |
The second: The CAPACITY measured in Ampere-hours (Ah or Ach) and, roughly speaking, defining a stock of the electric power which is contained in the battery. Depends on the choice of size of this parameter as long the battery will be capable to provide a possibility of a provorachivaniye of the engine with a starter, more precisely - how many it is possible to make attempts of start of the engine.
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The price of the rechargeable battery is almost directly proportional to its capacity. |
And third characteristic: The STARTING CURRENT measured in Amperes (A) i.e. the current given on a starter at start of the engine. The size of starting current on batteries can be specified according to four various standards: GOST (for domestic accumulators), EN (the standard of the United Europe), SAE (the American standard) and DIN (Germany). The last, German standard, is closest to the Russian state standard specification and on the majority of batteries of the European production is put down "by default" i.e. when the system of the standard is not specified. The starting current is higher, the big turns are developed by a starter and the he is capable to transfer bigger torque to an engine flywheel.
Ideally, the acquired replaceable battery on the performance data has to conform completely to the requirements specified in the maintenance instruction of the car at which observance the term of its service will be maximum. Acquisition of the battery of smaller capacity can hardly be considered good economy of money as it will serve much less and, besides, can be the reason of the troubles connected with start of the engine in winter season. It is also not necessary to buy the battery schrezmerno big starting current, - such increase is interfaced from a riskomvykhod out of operation of a starter. If the standard battery does not provide a due provorachivaniye of the engine, it will be more correct to make for a start replacement of motive oil, - that vsegoprivedt to automatic elimination of a problem rather.
Lately the market of the country is overflowed with low-quality goods and fakes. Rechargeable batteries are also not an exception. There are several signs on which it is possible with sufficient degree of probability to distinguish the original from a fake.
The first and, perhaps, main thing: on the case of the battery the country manufacturer and the manufacturing plant have to be surely specified, it is better if with the address.
The second: date of issue has to be specified that special value has for batteries of tight (unattended) type. Technical data sheet while existence of the instruction is not strictly obligatory that is connected with the fact that in the West rechargeable batteries practically do not go on retail by all means has to be included in the delivery package, and their installation on the car is usually carried out by specialists of car service.
The third: high-quality batteries differ in good appearance. The case has to have smooth edges, to be equipped with reliable traffic jams and the smooth, covered with protective caps polar plugs which are quite often processed by special anticorrosive lubricant.
Battery charging
Charging of the failed battery should be made according to instructions of manufacturers of the charger.